|
| |
|
|
Mapping of the vegetation development of herbaceous cover in mountain spruce forests in the Giant Mountains with using GIS.
ČIHÁK, Jan
Mountain forests are an important part of the landscape in our country. In the last three decades they were seriously damaged by anthropogenic influence, especially immissions. The immissions make worse the health status of forests, which cause changes in a structure of flora, in which the health status of forests is reflected. The main goals of my work were to map the cover of herbal and mossy layers in two permanent research plots in the Giant Mountains ( Alžbětinka, Modrý důl), to create maps of herbaceous cover and to digitize them and to compare these maps with the extent in years 1993-1994 by using a developing analysis in GIS. Detailed vegetation maps of the both permanent research plots by whose processing (by digitizing and static evaluation) some important changes were found out in dominant soil cover categories were the main outputs of the work. In the first research plot Alžbětinka, decline of the grass Calamagrostis villosa and increasing of Vaccinium myrtillus cover were evident. In the second research plot Modrý důl, decline of both investigated species, Avenella flexuosa and Calamagrostis villosa, was observed .
|
|
|
Natural regeneration of Norway spruce in mountain forests and at disturbed plots
Urbanová, Renáta ; Hadincová, Věroslava (advisor) ; Brůna, Josef (referee)
The natural regeneration of Picea abies in undisturbed mountain spruce forests as well as in disturbed areas formed by windstorms and overgrowth of bark beetles, especially spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus), takes place primarily through seed germination from a transitional soil seed bank. The quality of the soil seed bank depends on the amount of seeds available, which varies significantly throughout years, and on environment conditions. Interannual changes in the amount of seeds produced are caused by the irregular occurrence of seed years, which reflects weather changes in the context of ongoing climate change. Increased average air temperature and unevenly distributed rainfalls throughout the year have a positive effect on the spruce phenology, seed abundance and quality and results in increasing frequency of seed years. The large amount of seeds during seed years induces increased abundance of granivores for which the seeds are the source of nutrients and environment for their development. Seed predators of invertebrates and, small vertebrates groups and fungal pathogens significantly reduce the proportion of seeds needed for spruce natural regeneration. This bachelor thesis summarizes up to now knowledge explaining mechanisms and interactions associated with the soil seed bank of Picea...
|
|
|
Methods of resource utilization equivalnecy method for assessing damages caused to human ecosystems
MUNDOKOVÁ, Mariana
The economic evaluation of costs for remediation of montane spruce forest attacked by bark beetle in the different stage of decline (plots with actually living mature trees, plots with dead tree stand, wood is remaining in the ecosystem, plots with damaged stands, which were clear-cut, ten model plots) was made in the National Nature Park Šumava (Modrava model area) using resource equivalency method. Microclimatic characteristics (temperature and humidity development) measured ba dataloggers and communities of epigeic beetles (pitfall traps) were used as environmental metrics. Results indicate that the natural remediation of declined forest is economically most profitable. The microclimatic characteristics of plots with dead tree stand are most similar to the active forest. The species diversity, activity of beetles and frequency of relic species and species indicating virginal forest is higher in plots with dead tree stands. Based on these data we can resulted that the natural remediation of montane spruce forest is the most acceptable way both from biological and economical view (regeneration of ecosystem services of montane spruce forest).
|
guest ::
